{"id":18152,"date":"2015-04-15T15:46:43","date_gmt":"2015-04-15T12:46:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/balarisi.org\/?p=18152"},"modified":"2015-04-15T15:57:03","modified_gmt":"2015-04-15T12:57:03","slug":"tarimsal-uygulamalar-ve-cevreye-etkileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/?p=18152","title":{"rendered":"Tar\u0131msal Uygulamalar ve \u00c7evreye Etkileri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
\u00a9 foto: vatobacco<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c7evre; insan, hayvan ve bitki \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f ortama denir. \u00c7evre, insan eliyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f unsurlar\u0131 ihtiva eden yapay \u00e7evre ile do\u011fal \u00e7evreden meydana gelmi\u015ftir. \u00c7evre kirlili\u011fi ise, d\u00fczensiz kentle\u015fme ve bilin\u00e7siz sanayile\u015fme ve bilin\u00e7siz uygulamalar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insanlarla, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal \u00e7evre aras\u0131ndaki dengenin bozulmas\u0131d\u0131r (3,4). \u00c7evre kirlili\u011fini olu\u015fturan sebepler olarak ba\u015fl\u0131ca; d\u00fczensiz ve h\u0131zl\u0131 sanayile\u015fmeyi ve\/veya kentle\u015fmeyi, \u00e7evreye b\u0131rak\u0131lan organik yada inorganik at\u0131klar\u0131, tarim arazilerinin ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve yanl\u0131\u015f tar\u0131msal uygulamalar\u0131 sayabiliriz .
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yanl\u0131\u015f tar\u0131msal uygulamalardan kaynaklanan kirlilik \u00f6nemli boyutlardad\u0131r. Bu zarar\u0131n tamamen \u00f6nlenmesi veya en aza indirilebilmesi i\u00e7in ana hatlar\u0131yla \u015fu hususlara dikkat etmek gereklidir:<\/p>\n

a) Zirai ila\u00e7lar\u0131n hatal\u0131 ve bilin\u00e7siz kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir risk ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan; bu riskin en aza indirilebilmesi i\u00e7in kontroll\u00fc ve optimum miktarda pestisid kullan\u0131m\u0131na gidilmelidir.<\/p>\n

b) Kimyasal g\u00fcbrelerin sebep oldu\u011fu \u00e7evre komplikasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirebilmek uygun ve dengeli g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131m\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in de toprak analizlerine gereken \u00f6nem verilmeli, topra\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131madan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve gereksiz g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131m\u0131na gidilmemelidir.<\/p>\n

c) Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan sulama sular\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tuzlu ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallarla bula\u015f\u0131k olmamas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmeli ve topra\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede sulamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fazla suyun tahliyesini sa\u011flayacak gerekli drenaj kanallar\u0131 kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

d) Toprak i\u015fleme faaliyetleri arazinin konumu, yap\u0131s\u0131 ve iklim fakt\u00f6rleri dikkate al\u0131narak “do\u011fru bir bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131lmal\u0131, gereksiz toprak i\u015flemeden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

e) Bitkisel hormonlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda tavsiye edilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere dikkat edilmeli, gerekli denetim sa\u011flanmal\u0131, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a riskli g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ve b\u00fcnyede k\u00fcm\u00fclatif bir etkiye sahip olan bu kimyasallarda bir standardizasyona gidilmelidir.<\/p>\n

f) An\u0131z art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131; topra\u011fa organik madde kazand\u0131rmakla sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 yarar, hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lara ortam haz\u0131rlamak \u015feklindeki zarar\u0131ndan daha az ise, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bu\u011fday ve arpadan sonra ikinci \u00fcr\u00fcn yeti\u015ftirilecekse ve ayr\u0131\u015fmaya etki eden fakt\u00f6rlerden \u00f6zellikle nem yetersizse bu durumlarda tercih edilmeli, aksi taktirde an\u0131z art\u0131klar\u0131 yak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

g) Hayvansal art\u0131klardan elde edilen g\u00fcbre ve idrar kullan\u0131m\u0131 belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler i\u00e7inde olmal\u0131 ayr\u0131ca silo s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 suyu ve peynir sular\u0131 gb. organik at\u0131klar akarsu ve g\u00f6llere d\u00f6k\u00fclmemeli, bu tip tesislerde mutlaka ar\u0131tma birimleri kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi gibi toprak, su ve hava, tar\u0131m\u0131n ve b\u00fct\u00fcn hayati faaliyetlerin vazge\u00e7ilmez kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131rlar. Havas\u0131, suyu ve topra\u011f\u0131 kirlenmemi\u015f, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcden ve di\u011fer kirliliklerden uzak, temiz, g\u00fczel, ye\u015fil ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7evre; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iste\u011fi, gelece\u011fe huzurla bakabilmenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck teminat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Makalenin tamam\u0131n\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki linki t\u0131klayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Ekoloji Dergisi, Tar\u0131msal Uygulamalar ve \u00c7evreye Etkileri.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7evre; insan, hayvan ve bitki \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f ortama denir. \u00c7evre, insan eliyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f unsurlar\u0131 ihtiva eden yapay \u00e7evre ile do\u011fal \u00e7evreden meydana gelmi\u015ftir. \u00c7evre kirlili\u011fi ise, d\u00fczensiz kentle\u015fme ve bilin\u00e7siz sanayile\u015fme ve bilin\u00e7siz uygulamalar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insanlarla, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal \u00e7evre aras\u0131ndaki dengenin bozulmas\u0131d\u0131r (3,4). \u00c7evre kirlili\u011fini olu\u015fturan sebepler olarak ba\u015fl\u0131ca; d\u00fczensiz ve …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18155,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-ekoloji"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18152"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18154,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18152\/revisions\/18154"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}