{"id":17432,"date":"2014-08-16T19:00:32","date_gmt":"2014-08-16T16:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/balarisi.org\/?p=17432"},"modified":"2015-04-13T11:06:52","modified_gmt":"2015-04-13T08:06:52","slug":"bal-arilarinin-viral-hastaliklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/?p=17432","title":{"rendered":"Bal Ar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Viral Hastal\u0131klar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Pelin Tuncer, Kadir Ye\u015filba\u011f<\/strong><br \/>\nUluda\u011f Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Dergisi, Yay\u0131n Y\u0131l\u0131: 2009-4, Cilt:9, Say\u0131: 4, Sayfa: 149-161<br \/>\n<!--more--><span id=\"more-17362\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"http:\/\/dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr\/uluaricilik\/issue\/view\/5000003756\" target=\"_blank\">\u0130\u00e7indekilere ve PDF d\u00f6k\u00fcmana ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6ZET<br \/>\n<\/strong>Son d\u00f6nemlerde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar koloni s\u00f6nmesi olaylar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ar\u0131 viruslar\u0131n\u0131n rol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bal ar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen viruslardan 18 tanesi detayl\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu derlemede bal ar\u0131lar\u0131nda viruslar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n belirtileri hakk\u0131nda genel bilgiler ve son geli\u015fmeler sunulmaktad\u0131r. Deforme kanat virusu eri\u015fkin ar\u0131larda kanatlarda buru\u015fukluk, g\u00f6vdede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme ve renk kayb\u0131na neden olur. Ancak pupan\u0131n geli\u015fimi esnas\u0131nda virus \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a yava\u015ft\u0131r ve nadiren \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7abilir. Talamus yavru \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise bir larva hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve larvalar\u0131n inci beyaz\u0131 renginin sar\u0131ms\u0131-kahverengiye d\u00f6nmesiyle ay\u0131rt edilir. Siyah krali\u00e7e ar\u0131 virusu krali\u00e7e ar\u0131, pupa ve prepupalar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve renklerinin koyu kahverengiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olur. Ar\u0131 viruslar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek vir\u00fclense sahip olan Ka\u015fmir ar\u0131 virusu ilk olarak asya bal ar\u0131lar\u0131nda tespit edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, daha sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerindeki A. mellifera ar\u0131lar\u0131nda da bulundu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Ka\u015fmir ar\u0131 virusu ile enfekte ar\u0131larda titreme, koordinasyon bozuklu\u011fu ve \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Bal ar\u0131lar\u0131nda fel\u00e7 olu\u015fturan 4 virus bilinmektedir (kronik ar\u0131 felci, akut ar\u0131 felci, yava\u015f ar\u0131 felci ve \u0130srail ar\u0131 felci viruslar\u0131). Varroa enfestasyonuyla yak\u0131n ili\u015fkili olan akut ve kronik ar\u0131 felci viruslar\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen etkenlerdir. Akut ar\u0131 felci ar\u0131lar\u0131n 3-5 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olurken, kronik ar\u0131 felci hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 6. g\u00fcnden itibaren, yava\u015f fel\u00e7 virusu enfeksiyonunda ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 12. g\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Kronik ar\u0131 felci virusu \u00f6zellikle eri\u015fkin ar\u0131lar\u0131n beynine yerle\u015fir ve farkl\u0131 2 hastal\u0131k tablosuna neden olabilir. Tip 1 sendromunda titreme, kanatlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve kar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde \u015fi\u015fkinlik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, Tip 2 sendromunda ar\u0131lar k\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder ve parlak siyah bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm al\u0131r. \u0130srail ar\u0131 felci virusu ani koloni s\u00f6nmesi olaylar\u0131nda tespit edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Ar\u0131larda enfeksiyon olu\u015fturan di\u011fer viruslarla (ar\u0131 X ve ar\u0131 Y viruslar\u0131, Arkansas, Berkeley ve M\u0131s\u0131r ar\u0131 viruslar\u0131, bulan\u0131k kanat virusu, flament\u00f6z ar\u0131 virusu, apis iridescent virus ve kakugo virus) ilgili bilgiler ise s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 d\u00fczeydedir. Ar\u0131larda g\u00f6r\u00fclen viral hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir ila\u00e7 tedavisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak iyi yeti\u015ftirme kurallar\u0131 uygulanarak bu hastal\u0131klardan korunmak ve kay\u0131plar\u0131 en aza indirebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Bu derlemede ar\u0131lar\u0131n viral hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan korunmaya y\u00f6nelik bilgiler de sunulmu\u015ftur.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong> Ar\u0131 X virusu; Ar\u0131 felci viruslar\u0131; Ar\u0131 viruslar\u0131; Bulan\u0131k kanat virusu; Deforme kanat virusu; Ka\u015fmir ar\u0131 virusu; Talamus yavru \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pelin Tuncer, Kadir Ye\u015filba\u011f Uluda\u011f Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Dergisi, Yay\u0131n Y\u0131l\u0131: 2009-4, Cilt:9, Say\u0131: 4, Sayfa: 149-161<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[1177,265,264,263],"class_list":["post-17432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-uludag-aricilik-dergisi","tag-ari-hastaliklari","tag-ari-virusleri","tag-kadir-yesilbag","tag-pelin-tuncer","yazarlar-kadir-yesilbag","yazarlar-pelin-tuncer","anahtarkelimeler-ari-hastaliklari","anahtarkelimeler-ari-virusleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17432"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18120,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17432\/revisions\/18120"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}