\u0130lkbahar\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kovanlar \u00fczerinde yapaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, o seneki bal verimi \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etkileri olur. Bilin\u00e7li bir ar\u0131c\u0131 ilkbahar bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ihmal etmeyerek, ar\u0131l\u0131ktaki problemleri en ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u00f6zer ve bal toplama mevsiminde ar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 en verimli \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Verimi y\u00fcksek \u00fcr\u00fcn almak isteyen ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hedefi, b\u00fcy\u00fck bal toplama mevsimine kadar kovandaki ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7ok art\u0131rmak olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bal toplama mevsiminde bu say\u0131y\u0131 80.000-100.000 yapabilen ar\u0131c\u0131 o sene istedi\u011fi miktardaki bal\u0131 alabilir. Bu say\u0131 ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olursa ar\u0131n\u0131n getirece\u011fi ve depolayaca\u011f\u0131 bal da o kadar az olur.<\/p>\n
Arazide nektar ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnler olarak tan\u0131mlayabilece\u011fimiz b\u00fcy\u00fck bal toplama mevsimi, ortalama olarak 10 ile 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir s\u00fcreyi kapsar. Bu d\u00f6nemde bitkilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu nektar miktar\u0131 en \u00fcst seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu s\u00fcre y\u0131l, iklim, mevsim ve co\u011frafi ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Ar\u0131lar g\u00fcnl\u00fck ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan artan bal\u0131 ancak bu mevsimde kovanlara depolayabilirler. Toplam ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerini mevsimlere b\u00f6lersek, b\u00fcy\u00fck bal toplama mevsimi s\u00fcre olarak \u00e7ok az bir zaman dilimini kapsar.<\/p>\n
\u0130lkbaharda ar\u0131l\u0131kta yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ilk i\u015flerden biri, k\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6nlemler ar\u0131lar\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015funu engelleyecek \u015fekildeyse bunlar\u0131 kald\u0131rmakt\u0131r. E\u011fer kovanlar\u0131 yanyana yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p \u00fcstlerini \u00f6rtt\u00fcysek, kovan yerle\u015fimlerini ger\u00e7ek durumlar\u0131na getirmek gerekir. Kovan giri\u015f delikleri kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kovan u\u00e7u\u015f deliklerini t\u0131kayan ar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcleri temizlenmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130LK BAKIM VE KOVANLARIN DI?\u00fbTAN MUAYENES\u0130
\nAr\u0131lar ilkbahar\u0131n s\u0131cak g\u00fcnlerinde \u00f6zellikle d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lamak i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kma f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmaz. Etrafta \u00e7i\u00e7ekler a\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman art\u0131k kovana polen de ta\u015f\u0131maya ba\u015flarlar. Fakat geceleri so\u011fuk ve g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri de s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fken oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, havalar iyice \u0131s\u0131n\u0131ncaya kadar kovan\u0131 a\u00e7mak do\u011fru de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6yle bir hareket yavrular\u0131n \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmesine neden olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, kovan \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in bal t\u00fcketimini de art\u0131r\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca so\u011fuk havalarda kovan kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ar\u0131lar\u0131 pani\u011fe sevkeder ve \u00e7ok h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden havalar \u0131s\u0131n\u0131ncaya kadar kovan\u0131 d\u0131\u015ftan muayene ederek ve ar\u0131lar\u0131n hareketlerine bakarak problemleri tesbit etmek gerekir. Ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015ftan muayene yaparak tesbit etmesi gereken durumlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
a) Ana ar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Bir kovan\u0131n hayatiyetini devam ettirebilmesi i\u00e7in ilkbaharda ana ar\u0131n\u0131n var olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. M\u00fcsait g\u00fcnlerde ar\u0131lar h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p kovana polen getiriyorlarsa bu ana ar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015farettir. E\u011fer ar\u0131lar polen ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor ve kovan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnde geziniyorlarsa ana ar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle k\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
b) Besin durumu: Kovan alt tablas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen balmumu k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ar\u0131lar\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekti\u011fini g\u00f6steren i\u015faretlerden biridir. Ayr\u0131ca larvalar d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fsa, bunun sebebi yavrular\u0131n \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmesi olabilece\u011fi gibi, a\u00e7 kalmalar\u0131 da olabilir. D\u0131\u015far\u0131ya yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00fc ar\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131yor olmas\u0131 da akla, kovan i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan bir hastal\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, besin durumunun kritik seviyede oldu\u011funu getirir. Besin durumu azald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kovan i\u00e7indeki ya\u015fl\u0131 ar\u0131lar gen\u00e7 nesillerin ya\u015fama \u015fanslar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in intihar etmeye ba\u015flar. Ar\u0131lar genelde kafalar\u0131n\u0131 petek g\u00f6z\u00fc i\u00e7ine sokup havas\u0131z kalmak suretiyle intihar ederler.<\/p>\n
Bir kovan\u0131n ortalama a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyorsa, kuca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za al\u0131p tartarak i\u00e7indeki yiyecek durumunu tahmin edebiliriz.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6nemde havalar iyice \u0131s\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ar\u0131lara \u015ferbet vermek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. \u0130htiyac\u0131 olan kovanlara acilen kat\u0131 yem vermek gerekir. Pratik bilgiler k\u0131sm\u0131nda anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi pudra \u015fekeri ve s\u00fczme baldan ar\u0131 keki yap\u0131larak yemleme deli\u011finden verilir. E\u011fer ar\u0131 keki yap\u0131lacak malzeme bulunam\u0131yorsa, ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nemden kalan ball\u0131 bir \u00e7er\u00e7evenin s\u0131rlar\u0131 al\u0131narak kulu\u00e7kal\u0131k \u00e7er\u00e7evelerinin \u00fczerine yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00fczeri hemen bir bezle \u00f6rt\u00fclerek kapak kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c) Kovan mevcudu: \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar kovana birer iki\u015fer girip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorlarsa, kovan\u0131n ar\u0131 mevcudu az ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla zay\u0131f say\u0131l\u0131r. Ama i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar\u0131n canl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00fc\u00e7er be\u015fer girip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 o kovan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Ayr\u0131ca ak\u015fam ar\u0131lar yerlerine girdikten sonra, kovana kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 dayay\u0131p bir elimizde t\u0131klat\u0131nca, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kovanlar \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 tepki verir ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir v\u0131z\u0131lt\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz kovanlar\u0131n v\u0131z\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131 ise \u00e7ok zay\u0131ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
d) Hastal\u0131k durumu: Kovandaki ar\u0131lar\u0131n herhangi bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalan\u0131p yakalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenerek tahmin edilebilir. Kovan tablas\u0131nda normalinden \u00e7ok fazla ar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcs\u00fc varsa ve kovandaki besin miktar\u0131n\u0131n da yeterli oldu\u011fu biliniyorsa, bu durumda hastal\u0131ktan \u015f\u00fcphelenilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yerlerde kanats\u0131z ar\u0131lar geziniyorsa varroa hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 var demektir. Yerlerde ve u\u00e7ma tahtas\u0131 etraf\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplar varsa ve ar\u0131lar u\u00e7muyorsa nosema hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcphelenmelidir. Ar\u0131lar i\u00e7eriden kovan u\u00e7ma tablas\u0131na mumya g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc yavru \u00f6l\u00fcleri ta\u015f\u0131yorsa, kire\u00e7 ya da ta\u015f hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. D\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 ilk birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn ar\u0131lar\u0131n ishal olmas\u0131 normaldir. Fakat daha uzunca bir s\u00fcre u\u00e7u\u00e7 tablas\u0131 ve ar\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc kirleniyorsa dizanteriden \u015f\u00fcphe edilmelidir.
\nD\u0131\u015ftan muayene esnas\u0131nda problem tesbit edilen kovanlar i\u015faretlenerek, i\u00e7ten muayene esnas\u0131nda ilk \u00f6nce bunlara bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00fcY\u00fcK BAKIM VE KOVANLARIN \u0130\u00c7TEN MUAYENES\u0130
\nHavalar iyice \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 azald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, art\u0131k kovanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bak\u0131m ve i\u00e7ten muayenesinin zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015f demektir. Bak\u0131ma sakin ve g\u00fcne\u015fli bir g\u00fcn\u00fcn sabah\u0131nda ba\u015flan\u0131r. Bak\u0131m esnas\u0131nda s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015fu i\u015fleri yapmak gerekir:<\/p>\n
a) E\u011fer ar\u0131lar h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nsa k\u00f6r\u00fck yak\u0131l\u0131r ve usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde kovana duman verilir. Duman usul\u00fcne uygun verilmezse ar\u0131larda tam tersi bir etki yapar ve onlar\u0131 daha da h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde arazide nektar ak\u0131m\u0131 yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kovandaki besin miktar\u0131 da kritik seviyede oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ar\u0131lar stres alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu d\u00f6nemde ar\u0131lar her zamankinden daha h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n olur. K\u00f6r\u00fck bol duman verecek \u015fekilde pratik bilgiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yak\u0131l\u0131r. U\u00e7ma deli\u011finden yava\u015f dalgalar halinde 2-3 kere duman verilir ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 dakika beklendikten sonra, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc yapmamaya dikkat ederek, \u00fcst kapak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131larak kontrole ba\u015flan\u0131r. E\u011fer gerekirse \u00fcst kapak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kenarlar\u0131ndan da bir ka\u00e7 kere yava\u015f\u00e7a duman verilir.<\/p>\n
Yavrular\u0131n \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmemesi i\u00e7in, \u00fcst kapak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131 birden a\u00e7\u0131lmaz. E\u011fer kovan \u00fcst kapak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc tek par\u00e7a ise, kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kovan \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131lmayarak, bir bezle \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcr ve gerekti\u011fi kadar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Kontrol s\u0131ras\u0131nda tela\u015fs\u0131z ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde hareket edilir.<\/p>\n
b) Kovan \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri birer birer elden ge\u00e7irilerek durumlar\u0131 kontrol edilir. Bu kontrol s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131, yumurta ve larva durumu, bal, polen durumu g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7er\u00e7eveler kovan \u00fczerinde tutularak kontrol edilir. B\u00f6ylece ana ar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ferek telef olma riski ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evede farkl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme a\u015famas\u0131ndaki larvalar kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k halde duruyorsa ve aralarda bo\u015f g\u00f6zler de varsa, bu ana ar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya da verimsizli\u011finin i\u015faretidir. Asl\u0131nda ayn\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evede farkl\u0131 a\u015famalarda larvalar bulunmas\u0131 normaldir. Fakat verimli bir anaar\u0131, h\u00fccre aralar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bo\u015fluk b\u0131rakmadan yumurtlar ve yavrulu alanlar bir \u015ferit \u015feklinde birbirini takip eder. Farkl\u0131 a\u015famalardaki larvalar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu alanlar d\u00fczg\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr, birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u015fekilde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131lar \u00f6zellikle so\u011fuk havalarda kovan i\u00e7erisinde salk\u0131m d\u00fczeni olu\u015ftururlar. Bu y\u00fczden ilkbahar\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde, ar\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak bulundu\u011fu kovan\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki \u00e7er\u00e7evelerde daha \u00e7ok kulu\u00e7ka bulunur, kenarlara do\u011fru ilerledik\u00e7e hem ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 hem de kulu\u00e7ka say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131r. Havalar iyice \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p, ar\u0131lar kovana yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a kenarlara do\u011fru olan \u00e7er\u00e7evelerde de kulu\u00e7ka say\u0131s\u0131 artmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Kulu\u00e7kal\u0131ktaki \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sabit tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in, ar\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmemi\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evereler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p, kovan b\u00f6lme tahtas\u0131 konarak kovan i\u00e7inin hacmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fcr. B\u00f6lme tahtas\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015f kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne saman, ot, gazete vesaire doldurularak izolasyon sa\u011flan\u0131r. Yine kovan \u00fcst \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yavrular\u0131n \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmeyece\u011fi \u015fekilde elden ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekir.
\nBir de ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nemden kalan ball\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eveler \u00e7ok yer i\u015fgal ederek ana ar\u0131ya yumurtlama alan\u0131 b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveler al\u0131narak yerine kabart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya temel petekli \u00e7er\u00e7eve tak\u0131l\u0131r. Ya da arazideki nektar ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ar\u0131lar bol miktarda bal getirerek depolad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, yine ana ar\u0131ya yumurtlama alan\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f olabilir.
\nKulu\u00e7kal\u0131ktaki erkek ar\u0131 h\u00fccreli petekler de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak yerlerine di\u015fi g\u00f6zl\u00fc kabart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f petek ya da haz\u0131r petek konulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c) Anaar\u0131n\u0131n var olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve varsa durumuna bak\u0131l\u0131r. Kanatlar\u0131 y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f, ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, hastalanm\u0131\u015f ya da bir nedenden dolay\u0131 yumurtlama yetene\u011fi azalm\u0131\u015f ana ar\u0131lar muhakkak yenileriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
d) K\u00fcf, ar\u0131 biti, ishal, petek g\u00fcvesi, yavru \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilir. Kovanda tespit edilen hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemler mutlaka al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00fclkemizde b\u00fct\u00fcn ar\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgili ila\u00e7lar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ruhsatl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ve yaln\u0131zca ar\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00fcretilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir. Bu d\u00f6nemde hastal\u0131k olmasa bile koruyucu bir tak\u0131m ila\u00e7lar ve vitaminler de verilebilir. Hastal\u0131klarla ilgili koruyucu ve tedavi edici ila\u00e7lamalar\u0131 ilkbaharda, ar\u0131 n\u00fcfusunun en az d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde yapmaya dikkat etmelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan ila\u00e7lama bal mevsimi hen\u00fcz ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00fcretilen balda ila\u00e7 kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 riskini en aza indirir.<\/p>\n
e) Kovan\u0131n fiziki yap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilir. Ar\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015fmesine engel olacak kusurlar varsa kovan muhakkak de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Muayeneden sonra problemli oldu\u011fu tesbit edilen kovanlar ar\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak gerekli bak\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Rutubetlenmi\u015f ve k\u00fcflenmi\u015f kovanlar g\u00fcne\u015fe konularak kurutulur. Daha sonra delik, \u00e7atlak ya s\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f yerleri \u00e7ak\u0131l\u0131rak tamir edilir. Kovan, i\u00e7indeki art\u0131klar kaz\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra p\u00fcrm\u00fcz lambas\u0131yla ya da yanan bir ate\u015fin \u00fczerine tutularak dezenfekte edilir. Boya ihtiyac\u0131 olan kovan hi\u00e7 ihmal edilmeden boyan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
f) \u00c7er\u00e7evelerdeki ve kovan i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyindeki fazla petek par\u00e7alar\u0131 kesilip toplan\u0131r. \u00f6zellikle ar\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fgal etmedi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 siyahla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve eskimi\u015f petekler al\u0131narak yerine yeni petekli \u00e7er\u00e7eveler tak\u0131l\u0131r. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse her y\u0131l kulu\u00e7kal\u0131ktaki eski \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek kovan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 geli\u015fmesini olumlu y\u00f6nde etkiler.<\/p>\n
g) Kulu\u00e7kal\u0131kta 10 \u00e7er\u00e7eve bulunan bir kovanda 2 \u00e7er\u00e7eve ar\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015fsa bu aile zay\u0131ft\u0131r. 3-4 \u00e7er\u00e7eve ar\u0131 varsa ve ana ar\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 ve hasta ise bu kovan da zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Fakat 3-4 \u00e7er\u00e7eveli kovan\u0131n ana ar\u0131s\u0131 kaliteliyse bu ar\u0131 orta g\u00fc\u00e7tedir. Ar\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve say\u0131s\u0131 4’ten fazla ve ana ar\u0131s\u0131 da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkansa bu kovan b\u00fcy\u00fck bal toplama mevsimine kadar kendisini geli\u015ftirebilir demektir ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kovan say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kovan mevcudu az ise bu kovan ba\u015fka bir kovan ile muhakkak birle\u015ftirilmelidir. 1 tane g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kovan 10 tane zay\u0131f kovandan daha fazla bal \u00fcretir. Kovan mevcudu 3-4 \u00e7er\u00e7eve olmakla birlikte anas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan kovanlara, di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kovanlardan yavrulu petek takviyesi yapmak gerekir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kovanda tespit edilen kapal\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u00fc yavrulu petek yerinden al\u0131n\u0131r, \u00fczerindeki ar\u0131lar silkilerek g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmek istenen kovan\u0131n uygun yerine konur.<\/p>\n
h) Besin durumu kritik seviyeye inmi\u015fse kovanlar muhakkak beslenmelidir. Asl\u0131nda ana ar\u0131y\u0131 yumurtlamaya te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in, kovanlarda bal olmas\u0131 durumunda bile kovana \u015ferbet verilmelidir. Havalar\u0131n so\u011fuk oldu\u011fu ve kovan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n riskli oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnlerde ar\u0131lar\u0131 kek ile beslemek do\u011frudur. Ama havalar \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra \u015ferbet rahatl\u0131kla verilebilir.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011funlukla so\u011fuk k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda de\u011fil, havalar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkbahar aylar\u0131nda s\u00f6nerler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc so\u011fuk g\u00fcnlerde ar\u0131lar k\u0131\u015f uykusundad\u0131r ve \u00e7ok az besin t\u00fcketir. Fakat havalar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131yla ar\u0131 faaliyete ge\u00e7er ve besin t\u00fcketimi \u00e7ok y\u00fckselir. Arazide bal kaynaklar\u0131 da hen\u00fcz olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu d\u00f6nemde besinsiz kalan ar\u0131 kovan\u0131 s\u00f6nmeye mahkum olur.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer kovanda ball\u0131 ve \u00fczeri s\u0131rl\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eveler varsa ar\u0131lar\u0131n beslenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaki i\u00e7in bu \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek yerine koymak gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kovanda hi\u00e7 yiyecek kalmam\u0131\u015f ve ar\u0131lar da a\u00e7l\u0131ktan zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fse muhtemelen verece\u011fimiz \u015ferbeti yiyemeyeceklerdir. Bu gibi durumlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hemen \u0131l\u0131k \u015ferbet yap\u0131l\u0131r ve ar\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u0131slatmayacak \u015fekilde kovana p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu i\u015flemle canlanan ar\u0131lara daha sonra \u015ferbet vererek kovan s\u00f6nmekten kurtar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0131) E\u011fer ar\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7evresinde do\u011fal su kaynaklar\u0131 yoksa, ar\u0131lar\u0131n su ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 giderece\u011fi \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130lkbahar\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kovanlar \u00fczerinde yapaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, o seneki bal verimi \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etkileri olur. Bilin\u00e7li bir ar\u0131c\u0131 ilkbahar bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ihmal etmeyerek, ar\u0131l\u0131ktaki problemleri en ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u00f6zer ve bal toplama mevsiminde ar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 en verimli \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Verimi y\u00fcksek \u00fcr\u00fcn almak isteyen ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hedefi, b\u00fcy\u00fck bal toplama mevsimine kadar kovandaki ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-aricilik-takvimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12096"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12099,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12096\/revisions\/12099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}