Bal hasad\u0131 bal toplama mevsiminin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, arazideki nektar ak\u0131m\u0131 hen\u00fcz bitmeden yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nektar ak\u0131m\u0131 kesildikten sonra yap\u0131lan bal hasad\u0131nda ar\u0131lar \u00e7ok h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n olur ve ya\u011fmalama e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Hasaddan \u00f6nce ar\u0131c\u0131 problem ya\u015famamak i\u00e7in gerekli b\u00fct\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yapmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk haz\u0131rl\u0131k, hasad edilen ballar\u0131n konaca\u011f\u0131 mekan\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Buras\u0131 ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n rahat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenir. Odan\u0131n i\u00e7erisine ar\u0131 girmesini engelleyecek b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nlemler al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci haz\u0131rl\u0131k ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kendi haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130yi bir maske ve i\u015f tulumu giyilir. \u00f6zellikle pa\u00e7alardan ar\u0131 giri\u015fini engellemek i\u00e7in ayaklara po\u015fet ge\u00e7irerek pa\u00e7alar\u0131n lastikle ba\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131c\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn ekipman\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irir. Eldiven, eldemiri, f\u0131r\u00e7a, k\u00f6r\u00fck, \u00fczerine ball\u0131k ilavelerini koyabilece\u011fi bir sehpa, ar\u0131lar\u0131 kovan \u00f6n\u00fcne silkme esnas\u0131nda kullanaca\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f\u00e7e beyaz bir \u00f6rt\u00fc haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Bal hasad\u0131na ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k tehlikesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in sabah\u0131n erken saatlerinde ba\u015flan\u0131r. Saatler ilerleyip havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131yla birlikte ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k e\u011filimi ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hasada son verilmelidir. So\u011fuk ve bulutlu g\u00fcnlerde de ar\u0131lar kulu\u00e7kal\u0131kta salk\u0131m d\u00fczenine ge\u00e7eceklerinden, ball\u0131ktaki ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 en asgari seviyede olur.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131lar\u0131 ball\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evelerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in genellikle 4 y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1) Silkme, S\u00fcp\u00fcrme Y\u00f6ntemi: \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda kovan\u0131 olmayan ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n en \u00e7ok uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6ntemdir. Temiz ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa zararl\u0131 katk\u0131 maddesi i\u00e7erme riski olmayan bu y\u00f6ntemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck dezantaj\u0131 ar\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00fczerine kovan g\u00f6vdesinden ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ball\u0131klar\u0131 koyaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir sehpa hasat yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kovan\u0131n yan\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilir.
\nUsul\u00fcne uygun yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan k\u00f6r\u00fckten yava\u015f\u00e7a dalgalar halinde \u00f6rt\u00fc tahtas\u0131n\u0131n kenarlar\u0131ndan 2-3 kere duman verilir.
\nBall\u0131k ilavesi eldemirinin yard\u0131m\u0131 ile kulu\u00e7kal\u0131ktan ayr\u0131larak sehpan\u0131n \u00fczerine konur ve \u00fczeri hemen \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kulu\u00e7kal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczeri de \u00f6rt\u00fc tahtas\u0131yla kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu a\u015famada iki silkeleme y\u00f6nteminden birisini tercih etmek gerekir. Birincisi ar\u0131lar kovan \u00f6n\u00fcne silkelenebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan beyaz \u00f6rt\u00fc u\u00e7ma tahtas\u0131n\u0131 da kaplayacak \u015fekilde kovan \u00f6n\u00fcne serilir. \u00f6rt\u00fcye silkilen ar\u0131lar k\u00f6r\u00fckle duman verilerek kovana do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirilir.
\n\u0130kinci silkeleme y\u00f6nteminde ise kulu\u00e7kal\u0131k \u00f6rt\u00fc tahtas\u0131yla kapat\u0131l\u0131r fakat ar\u0131lar\u0131n yukar\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 gitmelerini sa\u011flayacak bir delik b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sayede kulu\u00e7kal\u0131ktaki ar\u0131lar\u0131n hasat s\u0131ras\u0131nda rahats\u0131z olup h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nla\u015fmalar\u0131 engellenmi\u015f olur. Kulu\u00e7kal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerine i\u00e7inde 4-5 adet bo\u015f petekli \u00e7er\u00e7eve bulunan bir ball\u0131k ilavesi konur, \u00fcst\u00fc \u0131slak bir bezle \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ar\u0131lar \u00fcstteki ball\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc yar\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131larak buraya silkilir. Arada bir ball\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde duman gezdirilerek ar\u0131lar\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 engellenir.
\nBaz\u0131 ar\u0131c\u0131lar kulu\u00e7kal\u0131k \u00fczerindeki ball\u0131\u011f\u0131 almadan do\u011frudan ball\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri almaya ve ar\u0131lar\u0131 bunun \u00fczerine silkmeye ba\u015flarlar. Bu olduk\u00e7a sak\u0131ncal\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ball\u0131k i\u00e7ine silkilen ar\u0131 tam yerine yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flarken ikinci \u00e7er\u00e7eveyle yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak tekrar silkilir. Birden fazla silkilen ar\u0131lar ise h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nla\u015farak deli gibi sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar ve hasad\u0131 zora sokar.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k kitaplar\u0131nda ise ball\u0131k al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin do\u011frudan kulu\u00e7kal\u0131\u011fa silkilmesi \u00f6nerilmektedir. \u00f6zellikle h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n ar\u0131 \u0131rklar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ar\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in bu da i\u015fi zora sokan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bu \u015fekilde davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kulu\u00e7kal\u0131kta bulunan ar\u0131lar da taciz olaca\u011f\u0131ndan h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nla\u015farak sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Silkeleme i\u015fleminde \u00e7er\u00e7evenin iki ucu tutularak h\u0131zl\u0131ca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru silkme hareketi yap\u0131l\u0131r, ya da \u00e7er\u00e7eve tek ucundan tutularak bo\u015fta kalan elle \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi tutan elin \u00fczerine sert\u00e7e vurularak ar\u0131lar\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Ar\u0131c\u0131 kalan bir ka\u00e7 ar\u0131y\u0131 da yava\u015f\u00e7a f\u0131r\u00e7a ile s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fcp uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak elindeki \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131na verir. Yard\u0131mc\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi alarak bu i\u015f i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f alt\u0131 kapal\u0131 bir kutunun i\u00e7ine koyar ve hemen \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u0131slak bir bezle kapat\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde h\u0131zl\u0131ca hasad yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. Bu esnada ar\u0131c\u0131 sa\u011fa sola bal bula\u015ft\u0131rmamaya ve ar\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmemeye dikkat etmelidir. Bal bula\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa neden olur.<\/p>\n
Hasad edilen kovan\u0131n \u00fczeri h\u0131zl\u0131ca \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcr ve ikinci kovana ge\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n
2) Ar\u0131 Ka\u00e7\u0131ran Y\u00f6ntemi: Bu y\u00f6ntemde ortas\u0131na ar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131ran aleti monte edilmi\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fc tahtas\u0131 kulu\u00e7kal\u0131k ile ball\u0131k aras\u0131na konur. Ar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131ran sayesinde ar\u0131lar kulu\u00e7kal\u0131\u011fa inebilirler fakat yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kamazlar. B\u00f6ylece 2-3 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde ball\u0131k ar\u0131lardan bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f olur ve ball\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eveler kolayl\u0131kla hasad edilir. Bu y\u00f6ntemin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in ball\u0131kta kulu\u00e7ka olmamas\u0131 gerekir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bak\u0131c\u0131 ar\u0131lar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inmedikleri i\u00e7in ball\u0131k bo\u015falmam\u0131\u015f olur. Bu y\u00f6ntemin sak\u0131ncas\u0131 ise \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ok s\u0131cak havalarda vantilat\u00f6rc\u00fc ar\u0131lar yukar\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ball\u0131ktaki ballar\u0131n erimeye ba\u015flamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3) Kimyasal Madde Y\u00f6ntemi: Bu y\u00f6ntem yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari ar\u0131l\u0131klarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ar\u0131lar\u0131n kokusundan ho\u015flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 madde kapa\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131na yap\u0131lan \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczene\u011fe s\u00fcr\u00fclerek kovan kapat\u0131l\u0131r. Ar\u0131lar belli bir s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda ball\u0131\u011f\u0131 terkederek kulu\u00e7kal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iner.
\nBu y\u00f6ntemde kullan\u0131lan kimyasal maddelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 insan ve ar\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risk olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in yasal d\u00fczenlemelere ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ABD’de kimsayal madde olarak yaln\u0131zca “Benzaldehyde” ile “Propionic ve Butric Anhydride” kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in izin verilmektedir. \u00fclkemizde baz\u0131 ar\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan ticari ad\u0131 “Fenol” olarak bilinen “Carbolic acid” kullan\u0131m\u0131 ise yasaklanm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4) Hava \u00fcfleme Y\u00f6ntemi: Bu y\u00f6ntem bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava \u00fcfleyerek ar\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evelerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in kovan \u00f6n\u00fcne alt\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir sehpa konur. Kovan u\u00e7ma deli\u011fi ile sehpan\u0131n aras\u0131na geni\u015f\u00e7e bir bez gerilir. Ya da u\u00e7ma deli\u011fine ar\u0131lar\u0131n rahatl\u0131kla t\u0131rmanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir rampa konulur. Ball\u0131k sehpan\u0131n \u00fczerine konarak \u00e7er\u00e7eve aralar\u0131ndan bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcr. Havan\u0131n tazyikiyle \u00f6rt\u00fc \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen ar\u0131lar dumanla y\u00f6nlendirilerek kovana girmeleri sa\u011flan\u0131r. Ar\u0131lardan bo\u015falan ball\u0131k alt\u0131 ve \u00fcst\u00fc kapat\u0131larak s\u00fcratle ar\u0131l\u0131ktan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu i\u015f i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli modellerde hava \u00fcfleyen aletler sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00fclkemizde ise pratik olarak havay\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00fcfleme d\u00fczene\u011fi olan elektrikli s\u00fcp\u00fcrgeler kullan\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bal hasad\u0131 bal toplama mevsiminin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, arazideki nektar ak\u0131m\u0131 hen\u00fcz bitmeden yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nektar ak\u0131m\u0131 kesildikten sonra yap\u0131lan bal hasad\u0131nda ar\u0131lar \u00e7ok h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n olur ve ya\u011fmalama e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterir. Hasaddan \u00f6nce ar\u0131c\u0131 problem ya\u015famamak i\u00e7in gerekli b\u00fct\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk haz\u0131rl\u0131k, hasad edilen ballar\u0131n konaca\u011f\u0131 mekan\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Buras\u0131 ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n rahat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenir. Odan\u0131n i\u00e7erisine ar\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-aricilik-takvimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12084"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12085,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12084\/revisions\/12085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}