{"id":12072,"date":"2014-06-21T13:11:22","date_gmt":"2014-06-21T10:11:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/balarisi.org\/?p=12072"},"modified":"2015-03-31T17:35:07","modified_gmt":"2015-03-31T14:35:07","slug":"kovan-ve-cesitleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/?p=12072","title":{"rendered":"Kovan ve \u00c7e\u015fitleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ar\u0131 kolonisinin b\u00fct\u00fcn bir \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi kovan\u0131n teknik \u00f6zellikleri, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n verimlili\u011fiyle yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik modellerde kovan \u00e7e\u015fitleri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, fakat en yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131 Langstroth ile Dadant tipi kovanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yurdumuzda bir \u00e7ok ar\u0131c\u0131 Langstroth tipi kovan kullanmakla birlikte, bu kovanlar de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Dadant tipine yakla\u015fan ara modeller \u00e7o\u011funluktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kovan, dip tahtas\u0131, g\u00f6vde-kulu\u00e7kal\u0131k, ball\u0131k, \u00f6rt\u00fc tahtas\u0131 ve kapak olmak \u00fczere 5 par\u00e7adan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Kovan dip tahtas\u0131 e\u011fer tek par\u00e7adan yap\u0131lam\u0131yorsa, par\u00e7alar\u0131n birle\u015fme yerlerinde bo\u015fluklar b\u0131rak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dip tahtas\u0131ndaki her bo\u015fluk ve \u00e7atlak, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen bakteri, mantar ve b\u00f6cekler i\u00e7in bir ya\u015fama alan\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcve kelebe\u011fi yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131 bu \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n i\u00e7ine b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6vde ya da di\u011fer ismiyle kulu\u00e7kal\u0131k ar\u0131lar\u0131n esas ya\u015fam alan\u0131d\u0131r. Ar\u0131lar\u0131n giri\u015f deli\u011fi bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmdedir. Ana ar\u0131 genellikle bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bulunur ve yumurtlama i\u015flemlerini buradaki petek \u00fczerinde yapar. Ar\u0131lar uygun mevsimde kovan g\u00f6vdesine s\u0131\u011famad\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00fcst kata \u00e7\u0131karlar. Ar\u0131 kolonisi k\u0131\u015f mevsimini kulu\u00e7kal\u0131kta ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi i\u00e7in kovan g\u00f6vdesinin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha \u00e7ok \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u00f6rt\u00fc tahtas\u0131 olarak sa\u011flam bez ya da \u00e7uval par\u00e7alar\u0131 da kullan\u0131labilir. Hatta bir\u00e7ok ar\u0131c\u0131 bunu tavsiye etmektedir. Bez par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n avantaj\u0131 kovan \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken ses yaparak ar\u0131y\u0131 k\u0131zd\u0131rmamas\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle yaz\u0131n kovani\u00e7i havaland\u0131rmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kovan i\u00e7indeki nem ve rutubetin at\u0131lmas\u0131na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Kapakta havaland\u0131rma delikleri muhakkak bulunmal\u0131 ve yaz\u0131n bu delikler a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yine kovan kapa\u011f\u0131 yerine iyi oturan ve hava \u015fartlar\u0131ndan kovan\u0131 koruyacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer kovan haz\u0131r olarak sat\u0131n al\u0131nacaksa muhakkak ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan firmalardan al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00f6zellikle ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fmayan, yerli marangozlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kovanlarda bir \u00e7ok teknik hatalar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hangi tip kovan kullan\u0131lacak olursa olsun, iyi bir kovan i\u00e7in dikkat edilmesi gerekenler ortak kurallar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n

1- Kovan g\u00f6vdelerinin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en az 2.5x 3 cm olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kovan g\u00f6vdelerinde kullan\u0131lacak tahtalar iyi kurutulmu\u015f, budaks\u0131z ve sa\u011flam a\u011fa\u00e7lardan yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ihlamur a\u011fac\u0131 kovan yap\u0131m\u0131nda tercih edilir. Fakat bulunamazsa en ideali \u00e7am tahtas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2- Kovanlar muhakkak usta birisi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri hassas olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn kovanlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde olmas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir. Buna dikkat edilmezse \u00f6zellikle \u00e7er\u00e7eve ve ball\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131 kovanlarda kullanmak isteyince b\u00fcy\u00fck problemler ya\u015fan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3- Kovan modelleri daha \u00f6nceden denenmi\u015f ve kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Uzun tecr\u00fcbelerin sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu modeller ar\u0131lar\u0131n kendi do\u011fal d\u00fczenlerini bozmadan en iyi \u015fekilde ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

4- Kovan g\u00f6vdesinin \u00f6zellikle birle\u015fme yerlerinden i\u00e7eriye rutubet almamas\u0131 i\u00e7in izolasyona dikkat etmelidir.<\/p>\n

5- Kovanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca d\u0131\u015fa bakan taraflar\u0131 beyaz ya da krem rengi boya ile g\u00fczelce boyanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6- Seyyar ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yapacaklar d\u00fcz kovan kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sabit ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yapacaklar ise be\u015fik \u015feklindeki kovan kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmelidirler.<\/p>\n

7- Ar\u0131lar\u0131n kovan i\u00e7inde rahat\u00e7a \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle yaz g\u00fcnlerinde kovan i\u00e7inin havalanabilmesi i\u00e7in, gerekli bo\u015fluklar\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Buna g\u00f6re;
\n– Yanlardaki iki \u00e7er\u00e7eve ile kovan i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi aras\u0131nda en 7.5 mm,
\n– \u00c7er\u00e7eve ba\u015flar\u0131 ile kovan i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi aras\u0131nda 10 mm,
\n– Dip tahtas\u0131 ile \u00e7er\u00e7eve alt \u00e7\u0131tas\u0131 aras\u0131nda 25 mm,
\n– Bir \u00e7er\u00e7evenin ortas\u0131 ile di\u011fer \u00e7er\u00e7evenin ortas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluk 36-38 mm,
\n– \u00c7er\u00e7eve \u00fcst \u00e7\u0131talar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 12 mm,
\n– \u00c7er\u00e7eve \u00fcst \u00e7\u0131talar\u0131 ile \u00f6rt\u00fc tahtas\u0131 aras\u0131nda 10 mm bo\u015fluk olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

8- Kovan dip tahtas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse muhakkak seyyar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TSE 3409 STANDARDINA G\u00f6RE LANGSTROTH KOVANIN \u00f6L\u00c7\u00fcLER\u0130<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck problemlerinden birisinin ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ekipmanlar\u0131nda standart eksikli\u011fi oldu\u011fu konusunda hemen herkes hemfikir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn kitaplarda, kongre bildirilerinde, \u00fclkesel d\u00fczeyde standart kovan yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fi vurgulan\u0131yor ama \u015fimdiye kadar bu konuda eyleme ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir projeye rastlamad\u0131k. 1970’li y\u0131llarda tar\u0131m bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli kovan planlar\u0131 yaparak yurt \u00e7ap\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015f. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ciddi bir gayret bir daha olmam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Kovanlarda Standart olu\u015fturulamay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerini maddeler halinde \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

1) TSE 3409 Say\u0131l\u0131 Fenni Ar\u0131 Kovan\u0131 standard\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcman\u0131 para ile sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, internette ya da ba\u015fka kaynaklarla serbest\u00e7e da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lam\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden ilgili kurumdan paras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyip sat\u0131n alanlar bu standard\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenebiliyor. Bu standart sat\u0131n al\u0131nsa bile i\u00e7indeki birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, \u00e7izimlerden neyin ne oldu\u011funu anlamak ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan bir kovan imal etmek de \u00e7ok ayr\u0131 bir \u00e7aba gerektiriyor. Yani TSE stand\u0131rd\u0131na uygun kovan imal etmek isteyen ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi \u00e7ok kolay de\u011fil, u\u011fra\u015f\u0131p gayret g\u00f6stermesi laz\u0131m.<\/p>\n

2) Bu i\u015fin kurallar\u0131 konmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve denetlemesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta geli\u015fmi\u015f olan b\u00f6lgelerde yerel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler olu\u015fmas\u0131. Mesala Ordu Kovan\u0131 gibi. Bu durumda da ister istemez o b\u00f6lge ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 bu sisteme dahil oluyor.<\/p>\n

3) Kovan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapan \u015firketlerin bilerek ebatlar\u0131 bozmalar\u0131, kendilerine uygun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kovan yapmalar\u0131. Bunun sebebi de, kendilerinden kovan sat\u0131n alanlar\u0131n daha sonra da ba\u015fka yerden de\u011fil, yine kendilerinden sat\u0131n almas\u0131n\u0131 garantileme arzusu.<\/p>\n

4) Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmedi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde amat\u00f6r olarak bu i\u015fe heveslenenlerin standart kovan satan i\u015fletme bulamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, yerel marangozlara kovan yapt\u0131rmalar\u0131. Tabi bu durumda kovan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri marangozun kafas\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler olmu\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n

TSE 3409 Standard\u0131ndan ve ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k kitaplar\u0131ndan yararlanarak, Langstroth kovan tipinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r \u015fekilde yeniden \u00e7izmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Umar\u0131m T\u00fcrk ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu b\u00fcy\u00fck probleminin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine bir katk\u0131s\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Kovan yap\u0131m\u0131nda Selvi A\u011fac\u0131 hari\u00e7, \u00c7am, K\u00f6knar, Ladin gibi i\u011fneli yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n keresteleri kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Langstroth Kovan\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda 2.5 cm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tahta kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00f6rt\u00fc tahtas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n taraf\u0131na kullanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz yemli\u011fe uygun yemleme deli\u011fi a\u00e7may\u0131 unutmayal\u0131m. Ayr\u0131ca Kovan kapa\u011f\u0131nda havaland\u0131rma delikleri de muhakkak olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

Langstroth Kovan\u0131n Genel G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"KOVANGENEL\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Langstroth Kovan\u0131n \u00dcstten\u00a0G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"usttengorunus\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Langstroth Kovan\u0131n Yandan G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"yandangorunus\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eekildeki \u0130stinat \u00c7emberi 1 mm kal\u0131nl\u0131ktaki Sac Levhadan imal ediliyor. Sac yerine Aluminyum vs de kullan\u0131labilir. Bu \u00e7emberin amac\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve kulaklar\u0131n\u0131n kovan tahtas\u0131na de\u011fmesini engelleyerek, \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi \u00e7\u0131karma esnas\u0131nda kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flamas\u0131. Hem ar\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131ram\u0131yor, hem de el demiri alttaki bo\u015flu\u011fa girdi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi yukar\u0131 kald\u0131rmas\u0131 rahat oluyor.<\/p>\n

Dip Tahtas\u0131, U\u00e7ma Deli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"kapakdipvs\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Diptahtas\u0131n\u0131 havaland\u0131rmaya ve temizli\u011fe yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u011fimli yapmakta b\u00fcy\u00fck fayda var. \u00c7er\u00e7eve alt \u00e7\u0131tas\u0131 ile Diptahtas\u0131 taban\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6n tarafta 25 mm arka tarafta 15 mm bo\u015fluk kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat edelim. Bu tarz dip tahtas\u0131 kovan havaland\u0131rmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rahatl\u0131k sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Piyasadaki kovanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck eksiklerinden birisi burda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman \u00e7er\u00e7eve alt\u0131na 1 parmak zor s\u0131\u011f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7er\u00e7eveler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"cerceveler\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere sad\u0131k kalarak kovan\u0131 kendimize g\u00f6re modifiye edebiliriz. Fakat kovan i\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine ve \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine dikkat edersek, hem kendi kovanlar\u0131m\u0131z aras\u0131nda, hem de ba\u015fka standart kovanlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7er\u00e7eve al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015famay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

(Yukar\u0131daki Kovan \u00c7izimleri kendi \u00f6zel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamd\u0131r. E\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcmanlarda kaynak g\u00f6sterilerek kullan\u0131labilir. Ticari olarak kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 rica olunur.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ar\u0131 kolonisinin b\u00fct\u00fcn bir \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi kovan\u0131n teknik \u00f6zellikleri, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n verimlili\u011fiyle yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik modellerde kovan \u00e7e\u015fitleri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, fakat en yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131 Langstroth ile Dadant tipi kovanlard\u0131r. Yurdumuzda bir \u00e7ok ar\u0131c\u0131 Langstroth tipi kovan kullanmakla birlikte, bu kovanlar de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Dadant tipine yakla\u015fan ara modeller \u00e7o\u011funluktad\u0131r. Kovan, dip tahtas\u0131, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-ekipmanlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12072"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12072\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17707,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12072\/revisions\/17707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}