Ar\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccudu ba\u015f, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs ve kar\u0131n olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden meydana gelir. Ar\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccudu kitinli kal\u0131nca bir katmanla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu katman bir d\u0131\u015f iskelet meydana getirir ve hayvan\u0131n i\u00e7 organlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca ar\u0131lar\u0131n v\u00fccudu s\u0131k bir t\u00fcy tabakas\u0131yla kapl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015f<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda duyargalar\u0131, g\u00f6zleri ve a\u011fz\u0131 vard\u0131r. Anten ad\u0131 verilen bir \u00e7ift duyarga, ba\u015f\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda bulunur. K\u0131sa olan bu organlar eklemli bir yap\u0131dad\u0131r. Bu eklemler i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131larda ve krali\u00e7e ar\u0131da oniki, erkek ar\u0131larda on\u00fc\u00e7 bo\u011fumdan meydana gelir.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n duymak, koklamak, tat almak ve bir uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin etmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyargalar duyarl\u0131 k\u0131llarla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ar\u0131lar, duyargalar\u0131n\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla gece karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile kovanlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ballar\u0131n\u0131 saklayacaklar\u0131 petekleri \u00f6rer ve ona en \u00fcst\u00fcn geometrik bi\u00e7imi verebilirler.<\/p>\n
Oval bir bi\u00e7imde olan ar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda sade ve bile\u015fik olmak \u00fczere iki tip g\u00f6z bulunur.<\/p>\n
Osel g\u00f6z veya nokta g\u00f6z ad\u0131 da verilen sade g\u00f6zler, ar\u0131larda \u00fc\u00e7 tanedir. Bunlar ba\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda e\u015fkenar bir \u00fc\u00e7genin \u00fc\u00e7 noktas\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirecek bi\u00e7imde yer al\u0131rlar. Bunlar ar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131ndan ve hafif \u0131\u015f\u0131kta g\u00f6rebilmesini sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015f\u0131n iki yan\u0131nda ise bile\u015fik g\u00f6z ya da petek g\u00f6z ad\u0131 verilen iki g\u00f6z bulunur. Bunlar ba\u015fa yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f birer konveks mercek g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Ar\u0131 bu g\u00f6zleri uzak mesafeleri g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r. Petek g\u00f6zlerle ar\u0131 \u00e7ok uzaklardaki cisimleri 60 kere b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131 bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6l\u00fcmden meydana gelen bir organd\u0131r. A\u011fz\u0131n en ilgin\u00e7 yeri, birbirine \u00e7ok ince dokularla ekli ve her y\u00f6nde hareket edebilen, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 80 bo\u011fumdan meydana gelen dildir.<\/p>\n
Dilin uzunlu\u011fu 6-9 mm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir ve \u00e7ok incedir. Ortas\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck t\u00fcylerle kapl\u0131 derin bir kanal vard\u0131r. Buradan ge\u00e7en s\u0131v\u0131lar a\u011f\u0131za ula\u015f\u0131r. Ar\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 besin maddelerini bu kanal yoluyla emer. Dilinin ucundaki \u00e7ok hassas bir tat alma organ\u0131 olan ka\u015f\u0131k\u00e7\u0131k (p\u00fcsk\u00fcl), dilin dald\u0131r\u0131lam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 peltele\u015fmi\u015f s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na yarar.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6revi bitti\u011fi zaman dil, arkaya do\u011fru k\u0131vr\u0131l\u0131r ve ‘Labiyal Palpus’ ad\u0131 verilen iki dudak boynuzunun birle\u015fmesiyle meydana gelen bir k\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine yerle\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131z yap\u0131s\u0131 tar\u0131ma zarar vermeyecek bi\u00e7imdedir. \u00c7enesi e\u015fek ar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131nki gibi t\u0131rt\u0131ll\u0131 de\u011fildir. D\u00fcz oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00fcz\u00fcm ve \u00f6teki meyvelerin kabuklar\u0131n\u0131 zedelemez.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 halkadan meydana gelir: Protoraks (\u00f6n-g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs), mezotoraks (orta-g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs) ve metatoraks (art-g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs). Her halkada \u00f6n, orta ve arka bacaklar denen toplam\u0131 alt\u0131 olan birer \u00e7ift bacak vard\u0131r. Bundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ar\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcyesi bulundu\u011fu B\u00f6cekler s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ‘alt\u0131ayakl\u0131lar’ ad\u0131 da verilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131, toz taneciklerini ar\u0131tmak i\u00e7in \u00f6n ayaklar\u0131ndaki tarakla duyargalar\u0131n\u0131 ve dilini s\u00fcrekli olarak temizler. Orta bacak \u00e7iftini yaln\u0131z yere dayanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r. En arkadaki iki baca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde ise ‘\u00e7i\u00e7ek tozu kesesi’ ile ‘f\u0131r\u00e7a’ bulunur.<\/p>\n
\u00c7i\u00e7ek tozu kesesi tibya (kavak kemi\u011fi)’ya biti\u015fik ve t\u00fcylerle kapl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7gen bi\u00e7iminde bir torbac\u0131kt\u0131r. Ar\u0131, toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek tozlar\u0131n\u0131 ve propolis ad\u0131 verilen bir \u00e7e\u015fit re\u00e7ineyi bunun i\u00e7ine biriktirir. F\u0131r\u00e7a, baca\u011f\u0131n kaval kemi\u011finin alt\u0131ndaki par\u00e7as\u0131 etraf\u0131nda, u\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru olan say\u0131s\u0131z t\u00fcylerden meydana gelir.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n ucunda yap\u0131\u015fkan “t\u00fcy yast\u0131klar\u0131”yla bir \u00e7ift \u00e7engel bulunur. T\u00fcy yast\u0131klar\u0131 hayvan\u0131n dik ve kaygan y\u00fczeylerde kaymadan, d\u00fc\u015fmeden y\u00fcr\u00fcmesini sa\u011flar. Ar\u0131 yerden kalkmak istedi\u011fi zaman ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n ucundaki \u00e7engellere dayanarak kendini itiverir.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n kanatlar\u0131 da g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar, i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve gerekli hareket arac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n kanat g\u00fcc\u00fc ku\u015flara oranla \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu kanatlar, her iki yanda ve birer \u00e7ift olmak \u00fczere g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn son iki halkas\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunur. \u00c7ok ince t\u00fcylerle kapl\u0131d\u0131rlar. Enine ve boyuna damarc\u0131klarla \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u00f6ndeki kanatlar daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr ve ar\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015f s\u00fcresince havada kalabilmesini sa\u011flarlar. Arkadaki kanatlar ise u\u00e7u\u015fta y\u00f6n tayinine yararlar.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n arka kanatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n kenarlar\u0131nda bir tak\u0131m kancalar vard\u0131r. Bunlar \u00f6n ve arka kanatlar\u0131 birbirine kenetliyerek u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda tek kanat gibi i\u015f g\u00f6rmelerini sa\u011flar, b\u00f6ylece ar\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015f yetene\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131rlar. H\u0131z azal\u0131nca da kanatlar birbirinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki h\u0131z\u0131 saatte 50 km.’ye yakla\u015f\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar\u0131n bal\u00f6z\u00fc toplarken kovandan en \u00e7ok 5 km ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Kanatlar, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardamn ba\u015fka, mutluluk, hayret ve kovana ya da \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin bulundu\u011fu yere \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma ifadesi olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli tonda v\u0131z\u0131lt\u0131 sesi \u00e7\u0131karmaya yararlar.<\/p>\n
Kar\u0131n<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsten ince bir bo\u011fumla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dokuz halkadan meydana gelen kar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc birbirine \u00e7ok ince ve elastik zarlarla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Dokuz halkadan i\u015f\u00e7i ve ar\u0131 beylerinde alt\u0131s\u0131, erkeklerde ise yedisi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Halkalar aras\u0131ndaki elastik zarlar sayesinde ar\u0131n\u0131n karn\u0131 kolayca b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bulunan solunum, dola\u015f\u0131m, sindirim organlar\u0131na gereken hareketler sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar\u0131n kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n son d\u00f6rt halkas\u0131nda balmumu \u00fcretmeye yar\u0131yan mum keseleri bulunur. Son halkada anaar\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc korunma silah\u0131 olan i\u011fne yer al\u0131r. Bu i\u011fne bir zehir kesesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ar\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccudu ba\u015f, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs ve kar\u0131n olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden meydana gelir. Ar\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccudu kitinli kal\u0131nca bir katmanla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu katman bir d\u0131\u015f iskelet meydana getirir ve hayvan\u0131n i\u00e7 organlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca ar\u0131lar\u0131n v\u00fccudu s\u0131k bir t\u00fcy tabakas\u0131yla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015f Ar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda duyargalar\u0131, g\u00f6zleri ve a\u011fz\u0131 vard\u0131r. Anten ad\u0131 verilen bir \u00e7ift duyarga, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-balarisi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12064"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12065,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12064\/revisions\/12065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}