Aralar\u0131nda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi olan ar\u0131 ailesi, anaar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 ve erkek ar\u0131dan olu\u015fur. Ar\u0131 kolonisi, kurallar\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 olan bir sosyal d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde birlikte ya\u015far. Hi\u00e7bir ar\u0131 bu koloniden ayr\u0131 olarak hayat\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiremez.<\/p>\n
Kolonide birka\u00e7y\u00fcz erkek ar\u0131, binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 ve bir tek anar\u0131 bulunur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 mevsime g\u00f6re 10.000 ile 100.000 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Her ar\u0131 ailesinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir kokusu vard\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan her ar\u0131 kendi kovan\u0131na geri d\u00f6nmek zorundad\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 kovana girmek isteyen bir ar\u0131y\u0131, n\u00f6bet\u00e7i ar\u0131lar kokusundan tan\u0131yarak i\u00e7eri almazlar ve \u0131srar etmesi halinde m\u00fccadele ederek onu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
Anaar\u0131<\/p>\n
Her kovanda birtane anaar\u0131 bulunur. Krali\u00e7e ar\u0131, beyar\u0131, ece ar\u0131 gibi de\u011fi\u015fik isimler de verilir. Anaar\u0131n\u0131n temel g\u00f6revi yumurta yaparak ar\u0131 kolonisinin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6ylece neslinin devam etmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ana ar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f olarak kovandaki di\u011fer ar\u0131lardan daha uzun ve g\u00f6steri\u015flidir. Zaman zaman erkek ar\u0131larla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ana ar\u0131n\u0131n kanatlar\u0131 erke\u011finkinden k\u0131sa, v\u00fccudu daha narin olmakla birlikte; boyu daha uzundur. En a\u00e7\u0131k fark, kanatlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccudunun yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 uzunlu\u011funda olu\u015fudur. V\u00fccudunun alt k\u0131sm\u0131 sar\u0131, \u00fcst\u00fc ise di\u011fer ar\u0131lara nazaran daha koyu bir renktedir.<\/p>\n
Ana ar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6revlerin hi\u00e7birini yapmaz. Bacaklar\u0131nda f\u0131r\u00e7a ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek tozu kesesi yoktur. Dili de \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin bal\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc emmeye yetecek kadar uzun de\u011fildir. \u0130\u011fnesini ise insanlara saplayamaz, yaln\u0131zca rakiplerini bertaraf etmek i\u00e7in kullanabilir.<\/p>\n
Ana ar\u0131 uzun \u00f6mr\u00fc s\u00fcresince o\u011ful verme ve d\u00f6llenme u\u00e7u\u015fu hari\u00e7, kovandan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 hi\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kmaz.<\/p>\n
Ana ar\u0131 ar\u0131 kolonisi i\u00e7inde d\u00f6llenmi\u015f yumurta yapabilme yetene\u011fine sahip tek yarat\u0131kt\u0131r. Herhangi bir nedenden dolay\u0131 \u00f6lmesi ya da bu yetene\u011fini kaybetmesi o koloninin yokolmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 kovanda iki anaar\u0131ya asla yer yoktur. B\u00f6yle bir\u015fey olmas\u0131 halinde iki ar\u0131 aras\u0131nda birisinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonu\u00e7lanacak bir kavga ba\u015flar. Yaln\u0131zca o\u011ful mevsiminde i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar ana ar\u0131lar\u0131n birbirlerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesine izin vermezler.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131 kolonisi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar ana ar\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda adeta pervane olurlar. Onu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6zveriyle korurlar ve beslerler. Onun i\u00e7in kendilerini feda etmekten hi\u00e7 \u00e7ekinmezler. Ana ar\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ar a\u00e7maz d\u00f6rt, be\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 hemen onun a\u011fz\u0131na bal doldurur.<\/p>\n
Anaar\u0131n\u0131n yumurta b\u0131rakma i\u015flemi s\u00fcreklidir. Hi\u00e7 dinlenmez. Ana ar\u0131 bir g\u00fcnde olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek say\u0131da yumurta b\u0131rakabilir. Bu say\u0131 mevsiminde g\u00fcnde 3.000\u00d5i bulur. Bu kadar yumurta kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k iki bu\u00e7uk kat\u0131 kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Ar\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar, ar\u0131 kolonisinin en kalabal\u0131k grubunu meydana getirirler. Mevsimine g\u00f6re say\u0131lar\u0131 10.000 ile 100.000 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 cinsiyet olarak di\u015fidir. Fakat yumurtlama gibi bir fonksiyonu yerine getirmez.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131 kolonisinin faal oldu\u011fu ilkbahar ve yaz g\u00fcnlerinde bir i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama \u00f6mr\u00fc 40-50 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Daha \u00e7ok kovan i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7en k\u0131\u015f mevsiminde 4-5 aya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n
Bir kovandaki i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 o kovan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve verimini g\u00f6sterir. Bir i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar y\u00fck\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yabilecek g\u00fc\u00e7tedir.<\/p>\n
Kovan\u0131n i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f i\u015flerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Aralar\u0131nda ya\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenmi\u015f s\u0131k\u0131 bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Daha kolay olan i\u00e7i\u015fleri gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar, d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki i\u015fleri ise tecr\u00fcbeli olan ya\u015fl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar yapar.<\/p>\n
Kovan i\u00e7i i\u015fler s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n-Petek g\u00f6zlerini temizlemek.
\n-Yeni petek g\u00f6zleri in\u015fa etmek.
\n-Kovan i\u00e7i temizli\u011fini yapmak.
\n-\u0130\u00e7eride \u00f6len ar\u0131lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atmak.
\n-Larvalar\u0131 beslemek.
\n-Yavrular\u0131n \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmesini engellemek i\u00e7in kovan i\u00e7i \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sabit tutmak.<\/p>\n
-D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar\u0131n ballar\u0131n\u0131 teslim alarak peteklere yerle\u015ftirmek.
\n-Bal\u0131n k\u0131vam\u0131na gelip olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken \u00f6nlemleri almak.
\n-Bal doldurulmu\u015f olan petek h\u00fccresinin \u00fczerine kapatmak.
\n-\u00f6zellikle s\u0131cak olan g\u00fcnlerde kovan i\u00e7i \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve nem dengesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kovan giri\u015finde kanat \u00e7\u0131rparak hava sirk\u00fclasyonu sa\u011flamak.<\/p>\n
-Kovan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f tehlikelerden korumak i\u00e7in kovan giri\u015finde bek\u00e7ilik yapmak.
\n-Ana ar\u0131y\u0131 beslemek ve ona yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapmak.
\n-Kovan i\u00e7indeki \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 ve gerekti\u011finde kovan giri\u015fini propolis ile kapatmak.<\/p>\n
Bir kovanda daha \u00e7ok tecr\u00fcbe gerektiren ve daha tehlikeli olan d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki i\u015fler ise \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n-Bal toplamak.
\n-Prepolis toplamak.
\n-Polen toplamak.
\n-Su ta\u015f\u0131mak<\/p>\n
Erkek Ar\u0131<\/p>\n
V\u00fccut yap\u0131s\u0131 olarak i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck, ana ar\u0131dan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kovandaki tek fonksiyonu ana ar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6llenmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir. Bu d\u00f6lleme i\u015fi de sadece bir tek erkek ar\u0131ya nasip olur. Genellikle k\u0131\u015f\u0131n kovanlarda erkek ar\u0131 bulunmaz. \u0130lkbaharda do\u011farlar ve say\u0131lar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 100 ile 500 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Erkek ar\u0131 di\u015fi ar\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirdi\u011fi bal, polen toplama ya da kovan i\u00e7i hizmetlerin hi\u00e7birini yapamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc v\u00fccut yap\u0131s\u0131 bunlara uygun de\u011fildir. \u0130\u011fnesi de yoktur bu y\u00fczden sokucu \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip de\u011fildir. D\u0131\u015far\u0131da gezerek kendi karn\u0131n\u0131 bile doyuramaz. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar\u0131n getirdi\u011fi bal ve polenle beslenir. Sonbahar gelip bal mevsimi bittikten sonra i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kovan d\u0131\u015f\u0131na at\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00fcme terkedilirler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Aralar\u0131nda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi olan ar\u0131 ailesi, anaar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 ve erkek ar\u0131dan olu\u015fur. Ar\u0131 kolonisi, kurallar\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 olan bir sosyal d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde birlikte ya\u015far. Hi\u00e7bir ar\u0131 bu koloniden ayr\u0131 olarak hayat\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiremez. Kolonide birka\u00e7y\u00fcz erkek ar\u0131, binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 ve bir tek anar\u0131 bulunur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 mevsime g\u00f6re 10.000 ile 100.000 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-balarisi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12062"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12062\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12063,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12062\/revisions\/12063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}