B\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131larda oldu\u011fu gibi ar\u0131lar da zaman i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgenin \u015fartlar\u0131na uyum g\u00f6stererek de\u011fi\u015fik \u0131rk \u00f6zellikleri kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ar\u0131 \u0131rklar\u0131 h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nl\u0131k, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, hastal\u0131klara dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k gibi de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131 \u0131rklar\u0131; b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck, renk, dil uzunlu\u011fu, v\u00fccudun k\u0131l \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, balmumu bezlerinin \u015fekil ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kanat damar yap\u0131s\u0131 ve kanat b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi morfolojik \u00f6zelliklerle birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan taksonomik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda d\u00fcnyada 24 ar\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 kesin olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131 ekonomik \u00f6neme sahip olup ekolojik \u015fartlar\u0131n elverdi\u011fi her yerde yeti\u015ftirilirler. Ekonomik de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yan ar\u0131 \u0131rklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u0130talyan, Kafkas ve Karniyol ilk s\u0131ralarda yer al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
\u00fcst\u00fcn ar\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131ndan beklenen \u00f6zellikler \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n– \u0130nsana yak\u0131n ve uysal olmas\u0131.
\n– U\u00e7u\u015f uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uzun olmas\u0131.
\n– Daha fazla bal ve polen toplayacak fiziki \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmas\u0131.
\n– Kovanlar\u0131n\u0131 temiz tutmas\u0131 ve hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131.
\n– Co\u011frafya ve iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131.
\n– Hortum uzunluklar\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131.
\n– Ana ar\u0131lar\u0131n yumurtlama yeteneklerinin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131.
\n– O\u011ful e\u011filimlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki belli ba\u015fl\u0131 ar\u0131 \u0131rklar\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n
1) \u0130talyan Ar\u0131s\u0131: (Apis mellifera ligustica) Eskiden beri \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerini koruyan \u00fcst\u00fcn bir ar\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131d\u0131r. As\u0131l yurdu Kuzey \u0130talya’d\u0131r. \u0130talyan ar\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve uysald\u0131rlar. Ana ar\u0131 bol yumurtlama yetene\u011fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011falma kabiliyetleri fazlad\u0131r. Yavru b\u00fcy\u00fctme yetene\u011fi fazla olup erken ilkbaharda kuvvetli koloni olu\u015ftururlar. Bol nektar toplayarak \u00e7ok bal yaparlar. O\u011ful verme e\u011filimleri zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Ar\u0131 \u0131rklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en g\u00fczel petek \u0130talyan aras\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Tatl\u0131 sar\u0131 renkli ve g\u00fczel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Tek olumsuz \u00f6zellikleri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede ya\u011fmac\u0131 olu\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2) Kafkas Ar\u0131s\u0131: (Apis mellifera caucasica) \u00c7ok uysal,\u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve \u015fiddetli so\u011fu\u011fa diren\u00e7li olma gibi \u00fcst\u00fcn \u0131rk \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r. Hortumlar\u0131 di\u011fer ar\u0131 cinslerinden uzundur. S\u0131k s\u0131k o\u011ful verme e\u011filimine girmemeleri bu \u0131rk\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn nitelikleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yavru verimleri y\u00fcksektir ve kuvvetli aileler meydana getirirler. En kuvvetli olduklar\u0131 devre yaz ortas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok uslu olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, d\u0131\u015fardan gelen ya\u011fmac\u0131 ar\u0131 ya da di\u011fer zararl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 kovanlar\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a iyi korurlar. Kitin rengi koyudur genelde gri kur\u015funi renktedirler. Tek kusurlar\u0131 kovana a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda propolis getirerek sa\u011fa sola bula\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3) Karniyol Ar\u0131lar\u0131: (Apis mellifera carnica), ince yap\u0131l\u0131 ve uzun dillidir. K\u0131sa ve s\u0131k bir k\u0131l \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne sahiptirler. Gri ar\u0131lar da denilen Karniyol ar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kitini \u00e7ok koyu renktedir ve genellikle 2. ve 3. halkalar \u00fczerinde kahverengi noktalar, bazen de kahverengi \u00e7izgiler vard\u0131r. En sakin ve uysal ar\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131d\u0131r. Yavru \u00fcretme kabiliyetleri \u00e7ok iyidir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aileler halinde k\u0131\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131ndan yiyecek t\u00fcketimleri azd\u0131r. Polen miktar\u0131 yeterli oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece yavru b\u00fcy\u00fctme uzun s\u00fcre devam eder. Sonbaharda ailenin n\u00fcfusu s\u00fcratle azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok sert iklim \u015fartlar\u0131nda bile k\u0131\u015flama yetenekleri iyidir. O\u011ful verme e\u011filimleri y\u00fcksektir. Y\u00f6n tayin etme ve kovanlar\u0131n\u0131 bulma duygular\u0131 kuvvetlidir. Ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 meyilli de\u011fildirler. \u00c7ok az propolis kullan\u0131rlar ve bu y\u00fczden yavru hastal\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok hassast\u0131rlar. \u00c7evre \u015fartlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine uyma kabiliyetleri y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n
5) Anadolu Ar\u0131s\u0131: (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) Anadolunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k \u0131sm\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren Anadolu ar\u0131s\u0131 \u0130ngiltere ve ABD’ne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek bu \u00fclkelerdeki \u0131slah \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zellikleri Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve iklimine \u00e7ok iyi uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan, k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na ve hastal\u0131klara dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olma gibi avantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Anadolu ar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcst\u00fcn vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan birisi de \u00e7ok zor \u015fartlarda bile bal toplayarak hayat\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilmesidir. Genelde esmer ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131l\u0131 ar\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
< \u00d6nceki\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131larda oldu\u011fu gibi ar\u0131lar da zaman i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgenin \u015fartlar\u0131na uyum g\u00f6stererek de\u011fi\u015fik \u0131rk \u00f6zellikleri kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ar\u0131 \u0131rklar\u0131 h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nl\u0131k, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, hastal\u0131klara dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k gibi de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterirler. Ar\u0131 \u0131rklar\u0131; b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck, renk, dil uzunlu\u011fu, v\u00fccudun k\u0131l \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, balmumu bezlerinin \u015fekil ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kanat damar yap\u0131s\u0131 ve kanat b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi morfolojik \u00f6zelliklerle birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bug\u00fcne kadar …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-balarisi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12060","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12060"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12060\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12061,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12060\/revisions\/12061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}