Bireysel \u00fcreme
\nKoloni \u00fcremesi (O\u011ful)<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn ar\u0131 cinsleri \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famadan ge\u00e7erek ergin ar\u0131 haline gelir. Bu a\u015famalar genellikle yumurta, larva (kurt\u00e7uk) ve pupa (koza) olarak isimlendirilir.<\/p>\n
Temelde b\u00fct\u00fcn cinslerin kayna\u011f\u0131 ana ar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fccrelere b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yumurtad\u0131r. Cinslerin aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fccre b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, beslenme \u015fekli ve kulu\u00e7ka s\u00fcresi belirler. Yaln\u0131zca i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 ile ana ar\u0131 d\u00f6llenmi\u015f yumurtadan, erkek ar\u0131 ise d\u00f6llenmemi\u015f yumurtadan \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n
Petek g\u00f6zleri, i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 g\u00f6zleri ve erkek ar\u0131 g\u00f6zleri olarak iki farkl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe sahiptir. Ana ar\u0131 g\u00f6zleri ise esas petek yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer almaz, sonradan ilave edilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar \u00e7ap\u0131 5.37 mm olan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck petek g\u00f6zlerinde yeti\u015fir. Anar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6llenmi\u015f yumurtalar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 g\u00f6zlerine b\u0131rakma kapasitesi kovan\u0131n o y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve verimlili\u011fini belirler. Ayr\u0131ca koloninin hayat\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilmesi de i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 \u00fcretebilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ana ar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine sokarak yumurta koyaca\u011f\u0131 petek h\u00fccresini \u00f6nce kontrol eder. Sonra iki \u00f6n aya\u011f\u0131 ile h\u00fccre kenarlar\u0131ndan tutunarak v\u00fccudunun arka k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fccrenin i\u00e7ine sokar. Birka\u00e7 saniye i\u00e7inde yumurtlayarak di\u011fer h\u00fccreye ge\u00e7er. Ana ar\u0131 yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fccreler aras\u0131nda bo\u015f h\u00fccre kalmayacak \u015fekilde b\u0131rak\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yumurtalar\u0131n rahat bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130lkbaharda kovan geli\u015fiminin doru\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde gen\u00e7 bir ana ar\u0131, h\u00fccrelere g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 yumurta b\u0131rakabilir.<\/p>\n
Ana ar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan petek g\u00f6zlerine b\u0131rak\u0131lan yumurta i\u011fne ucu kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, hafif\u00e7e k\u0131vr\u0131k ve beyaz renklidir. H\u00fccrenin dibinde yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca durumunu korur.<\/p>\n
\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fc yumurtalar \u00e7atlayarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kurt\u00e7uk olan larva haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Larva ilk \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn ar\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fcyle daha sonraki \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn ise bal ve polen ile beslenir. Dokuzuncu g\u00fcn larvan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu petek g\u00f6z\u00fc bal ve polen ile doldurularak kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Larva art\u0131k pupa a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Pupa a\u015famas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7iren ar\u0131 bu a\u015famay\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 g\u00fcnde tamamlay\u0131p h\u00fccre kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kemirerek d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz, \u0131slak ve donuk renklidir. Dad\u0131 ar\u0131lar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 ile 2-3 g\u00fcnde kuvvetlenir, ger\u00e7ek rengini al\u0131r ve t\u00fcylenir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131n\u0131n yumurta ile ergin ar\u0131 olmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre yakla\u015f\u0131k 21 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ana ar\u0131 erkek ar\u0131 yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015flikleri yakla\u015f\u0131k 6.91 mm olan erkek ar\u0131 h\u00fccrelerine koyar. Erkek ar\u0131 yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 yumurtalar\u0131ndan tek fark\u0131 d\u00f6llenmemi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f erkek ar\u0131 h\u00fccrelerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 h\u00fccrelerinden daha kabar\u0131k durumda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Ar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131n\u0131nki ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r fakat s\u00fcresi 24 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ana ar\u0131 genelde o\u011ful mevsiminden hemen \u00f6nce erkek ar\u0131 yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fccrelere b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ARI C\u0130NSLER\u0130N\u0130N KULU\u00c7KA S\u00fcRELER\u0130<\/p>\n
YUMURTA
\nD\u00f6NEM\u0130<\/p>\n
LARVA
\nD\u00f6NEM\u0130<\/p>\n
PUPA
\nD\u00f6NEM\u0130<\/p>\n
TOPLAM
\nKULU\u00c7KA
\nS\u00fcRES\u0130
\nANA ARI
\n3 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
6 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
7 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
16 g\u00fcn
\n\u0130?\u00fb\u00c7\u0130 ARI
\n3 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
6-7 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
11-12 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
21 g\u00fcn
\nERKEK ARI
\n3 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
8 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
13 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
24 g\u00fcn<\/p>\n
Ana ar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcremesi kendili\u011finden geli\u015fen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 de\u011fildir, koloninin verece\u011fi karara ve baz\u0131 geli\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Koloninin yeni bir ana ar\u0131 \u00fcretme iste\u011fi genelde 3 nedene dayan\u0131r. Birinci neden, koloninin o\u011ful verme arzusudur. O\u011ful mevsimi yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar yeni ana ar\u0131 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in pete\u011fin alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan h\u00fccrelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek 20-25 mm uzunlu\u011funda 8 mm geni\u015fli\u011finde bir y\u00fcks\u00fck \u015fekline getirirler. Ana ar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fc denilen bu y\u00fcks\u00fckler pete\u011fin esas yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer almaz, i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 g\u00f6zlerinin d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru geni\u015fletilip uzat\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015fturulur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar ana ar\u0131y\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u00fcklerin i\u00e7ine yumurtlatmaya u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r. E\u011fer bunu ba\u015faramazlarsa i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 g\u00f6zlerindeki yumurtalardan alarak ana ar\u0131 g\u00f6zlerine koyarlar.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci neden, ana ar\u0131n\u0131n kaybedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Herhangi bir sebepten dolay\u0131 ana ar\u0131n\u0131n kaybedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131lar acilen ana ar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u00fckleri yaparak koloniye yeni ana ar\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc neden ise ya\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ana ar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi arzusudur. Ana ar\u0131 iyice ya\u015flanarak, koloninin hayat\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilece\u011fi asgari yumurtay\u0131 h\u00fccreler i\u00e7ine b\u0131rakma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetti\u011fi zaman, koloni bu ana ar\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme karar\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
O\u011ful vermek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan ana ar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u00fcklerinin say\u0131s\u0131 genelde 10-15 kadard\u0131r. Ana ar\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan y\u00fcks\u00fckler ise 2-4 tane civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. O\u011ful i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan y\u00fcks\u00fckler, ana ar\u0131dan gizlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin dip taraflar\u0131nda, gizli k\u00f6\u015felerinde bulunur. Ana ar\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan y\u00fcks\u00fckler ise \u00e7er\u00e7evenin ortas\u0131nda, kulu\u00e7kan\u0131n bol oldu\u011fu alanlarda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ana ar\u0131 h\u00fccresindeki yumurtan\u0131n di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 yumurtalar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir fark\u0131 yoktur. 3 g\u00fcn sonra yumurtalar \u00e7atlar. Larva 6 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrekli olarak ar\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fc ile beslenir. \u0130\u015fte fark bu beslemede ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve erkek ar\u0131lar daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli ar\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fc ile beslenirler. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 larvas\u0131na verilen ar\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fc 15 mg civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ana ar\u0131 larvas\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 mg ar\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fc verilir. S\u00fcrekli olarak beslenen larva dokuzuncu g\u00fcn yine h\u00fccrenin i\u00e7i ar\u0131s\u00fct\u00fc dolu olacak \u015fekilde kapat\u0131l\u0131r. Aradan 7 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7er ve 15 g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda ana ar\u0131 h\u00fccreyi kemirerek d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n
O\u011ful i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan y\u00fcks\u00fcklerde ana ar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ucunu kemirerek d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Kolonide mevcut ana ar\u0131lar\u0131n di\u011fer y\u00fcks\u00fcklere zarar vermesi engellenir. Koloniye yeni ana kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan y\u00fcks\u00fcklerin ilkinden ana ar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p koloni taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, di\u011fer y\u00fcks\u00fckler yan taraflar\u0131ndan delinerek i\u00e7lerindeki ana ar\u0131 adaylar\u0131 imha edilir. Bu \u015fekilde yan taraflar\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ana ar\u0131 memeleri g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde o koloninin yeni bir ana ar\u0131ya kavu\u015fmu\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yeni do\u011fan ana ar\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00f6llenmi\u015f yumurta b\u0131rakabilmeleri i\u00e7in \u00e7iftle\u015fmeleri gerekir. Ana ar\u0131 bu i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7iftle\u015fme u\u00e7u\u015funa \u00e7\u0131kar. G\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcsait olan bir saatinde kovandan ayr\u0131lan ana ar\u0131 hemen g\u00f6\u011fe do\u011fru y\u00fckselir, bir \u00e7ok ku\u015fun eri\u015femeyece\u011fi bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kar. Ana ar\u0131n\u0131n yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kokuyu duyan y\u00fczlerce erkek ar\u0131 ona yeti\u015fmek i\u00e7in h\u0131zla u\u00e7ar. Ana ar\u0131y\u0131 takip eden erkek ar\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda giderek azal\u0131r, y\u00fckselmeye g\u00fc\u00e7leri yetmeyenler u\u00e7u\u015fu yar\u0131da b\u0131rakmak zorunda kal\u0131r. Ana ar\u0131ya yeti\u015febilen en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc erkek ar\u0131 ile ana ar\u0131 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u00e7iftle\u015fir. Bu \u00e7iftle\u015fme sonunda erkek ar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcr. \u00c7iftle\u015fme olay\u0131 ana ar\u0131n\u0131n sperm kesesi doluncaya kadar devam eder. Ana ar\u0131 bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde 8-10 erkek ar\u0131yla \u00e7iftle\u015febilir. Ana ar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 spermleri \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna kadar canl\u0131 olarak koruyabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in hayat\u0131 boyunca bir daha \u00e7iftle\u015fme ihtiyac\u0131 hissetmez. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bireysel \u00fcreme Koloni \u00fcremesi (O\u011ful) B\u00fct\u00fcn ar\u0131 cinsleri \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famadan ge\u00e7erek ergin ar\u0131 haline gelir. Bu a\u015famalar genellikle yumurta, larva (kurt\u00e7uk) ve pupa (koza) olarak isimlendirilir. Temelde b\u00fct\u00fcn cinslerin kayna\u011f\u0131 ana ar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fccrelere b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yumurtad\u0131r. Cinslerin aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fccre b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, beslenme \u015fekli ve kulu\u00e7ka s\u00fcresi belirler. Yaln\u0131zca i\u015f\u00e7i ar\u0131 ile ana ar\u0131 d\u00f6llenmi\u015f yumurtadan, erkek …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-balarisi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12058","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12058"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12058\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12059,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12058\/revisions\/12059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}