Balar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bulunu\u015f zaman\u0131 modern insandan \u00e7ok daha eski tarihlere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re balar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 25.000.000 y\u0131l olarak tahmin edilmektedir. Modern insan Homosapiens’in ya\u015f\u0131 ise yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 100.000 y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsano\u011flu yiyecek ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fadan toplayarak kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, balar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal yuvalar\u0131ndan bal almay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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\u0130spanya’n\u0131n Bicorp Valencia kasabas\u0131nda bulunan M.\u00f6 7000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen ma\u011fara resimlerinde ar\u0131larla \u00e7evrili bir kad\u0131n bal al\u0131rken g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.Active Image<\/p>\n
\u0130lk gezgin ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k M.\u00f6 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda eski M\u0131s\u0131r’da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ar\u0131c\u0131lar ar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Nil nehri \u00fczerinde sallarla a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve yukar\u0131 m\u0131s\u0131r aras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yarak bal \u00fcretimlerini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k insanl\u0131k tarihinden beri kutsal say\u0131lan bir meslektir. Ar\u0131 ve ar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine b\u00fct\u00fcn dinlerde itibar g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu i\u015fle u\u011fra\u015fanlara \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumlarda din adamlar\u0131na benzer ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Eski M\u0131s\u0131r Medeniyetinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalan bir \u00e7ok yaz\u0131tta ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n o d\u00f6nemlerde ne denli \u00f6nemli bir u\u011fra\u015f oldu\u011funu ortaya koyan resimler bulunmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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Yine eski \u00e7a\u011flarda Hindistan’da kayalara \u00e7izilmi\u015f bal toplayan insan resimleri bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7 kovuklar\u0131ndaki ar\u0131 kolonilerini imha etmeden, i\u00e7erisindeki bal\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p, ar\u0131lar\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131 olan bal\u0131 b\u0131rakmalar\u0131yla birlikte, ger\u00e7ek anlamda ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k faaliyeti ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
Zamanla do\u011fal a\u011fa\u00e7 kovuklar\u0131ndaki ar\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi ballar\u0131n miktar\u0131 yetersiz gelmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca, oyulmu\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fcklerinden yapay ar\u0131 yuvalar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde insanlar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n kendilerine sunduklar\u0131 imkanlardan yararlanarak \u00e7e\u015fitli tipte ar\u0131 kovanlar\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Ortado\u011fu’nun s\u0131cak ve ormans\u0131z b\u00f6lgelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6mlekler ar\u0131 kovan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde saman, has\u0131r, kam\u0131\u015f ya da a\u011fa\u00e7tan yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik tipte ilkel ar\u0131 kovanlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Yukar\u0131da 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ba\u011fdatl\u0131 t\u0131p bilgini \u0130bn-i Butlan’\u0131n Takvim es-s\u0131hha isimli ?\u00fbifal\u0131 Bitkilerle ilgili yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kitapta bulunan ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k resimleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n
16. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bilgisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler olmam\u0131\u015f, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lan geleneksel bir u\u011fra\u015f olarak s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bilim ve teknolojideki geli\u015fmelerle birlikte, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bilgisinde de \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6nemde ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n temel amac\u0131, ar\u0131lara zarar vermeden bal hasat etme y\u00f6ntemlerini bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak olmu\u015ftur. Bunun i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ok denemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ekipmanlar geli\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015fa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc girmeleri i\u00e7in kolonileri birle\u015ftirmek, kolonileri verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6nlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gibi uygulamalar yap\u0131lmaya u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
1550 y\u0131l\u0131nda mikroskobun bulunmas\u0131yla birlikte o zamana kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen mikroorganizmalar\u0131n ve organlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1609 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz Charles Butter ana ar\u0131n\u0131n di\u015fi oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015f, beyar\u0131 olarak de\u011fil krali\u00e7e ar\u0131 olarak isimlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1771 y\u0131l\u0131nda ana ar\u0131lar\u0131n erkek ar\u0131larla kovan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve havada u\u00e7arken \u00e7iftle\u015ftikleri ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1600-1800 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k konusunda bir \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yeni yeni teknikler bulunmu\u015ftur. \u00fcstten a\u00e7\u0131labilen \u00e7er\u00e7eveli kovanlar kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f fakat ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn problemlerini \u00e7\u00f6zecek kovan tipleri geli\u015ftirilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131lar, kovan i\u00e7erisindeki petekleri ya da \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri kovan yan duvarlar\u0131na yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, pete\u011fe zarar vermeden koloni kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, tam anlam\u0131yla kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sistemi olu\u015fturulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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Bu y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde Yunanistan’da farkl\u0131 tipte sepet kovanlar kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Klasik sepetlerin aksine, bu kovanlar alt\u0131 dar \u00fcst\u00fc geni\u015f \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kovan\u0131n \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda 3 cm geni\u015fli\u011finde \u00e7\u0131talar yanyana dizilmi\u015f, ar\u0131lar bu \u00e7\u0131talara petek \u00f6rmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kovan duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fimli olmas\u0131 sayesinde ar\u0131lar\u0131n petekleri yan duvarlara yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Ar\u0131c\u0131lar bu sayede petekleri kovandan kolayca \u00e7\u0131kartabilme olana\u011f\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Bu sistem g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de halen yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
1851 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerikal\u0131 Lorenzo Langstroth ar\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011funu ke\u015ffederek, 6-9 mm aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklara ar\u0131n\u0131n petek \u00f6rmedi\u011fini farketmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Lorenzo Langstroth’un \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00fcst \u00e7\u0131tas\u0131 ile kapak aras\u0131nda, \u00e7er\u00e7eve yan \u00e7\u0131talar\u0131 ile kovan duvar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bu bo\u015fluklar\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ar\u0131lar\u0131n buralar\u0131 birle\u015ftirmedi\u011fini ke\u015ffetmesiyle birlikte, \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin kovan i\u00e7erisinde kolayca hareket edebilece\u011fi kovan sistemleri geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk yapay petek ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda binba\u015f\u0131 Hruschka bal s\u00fczme makinesini ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1940’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda yapay tohumlama tekni\u011finin uygulamaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ile birlikte \u0131slah ve genetik kaynaklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Balar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bulunu\u015f zaman\u0131 modern insandan \u00e7ok daha eski tarihlere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re balar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 25.000.000 y\u0131l olarak tahmin edilmektedir. Modern insan Homosapiens’in ya\u015f\u0131 ise yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 100.000 y\u0131ld\u0131r. \u0130nsano\u011flu yiyecek ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fadan toplayarak kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, balar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal yuvalar\u0131ndan bal almay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Active Image \u0130spanya’n\u0131n Bicorp Valencia kasabas\u0131nda bulunan M.\u00f6 7000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-aricilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12048"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12048\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12049,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12048\/revisions\/12049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}