Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u015fekline ve ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bilgisine g\u00f6re 2 k\u0131s\u0131mda incelenebilir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lan klasik bilgi ve geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131lan ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, geleneksel ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 1850’li y\u0131llarda oynar \u00e7er\u00e7eveli kovanlar\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesi ile ba\u015flayan ve bilimsel geli\u015fmelere g\u00f6re uygulama bilgisinin s\u00fcrekli yenilendi\u011fi ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcne ise modern ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k denir.
\nGeleneksel Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n
Y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lan klasik bilgi ve geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131lan ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7e\u015fididir. Yurdumuzda ‘Karakovan’ tabir edilen kovanlarda yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kovanlar y\u00f6reden y\u00f6reye \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fken \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterir. Tahtadan sand\u0131k gibi yap\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitleri oldu\u011fu gibi, sazdan, samandan, kam\u0131\u015ftan, has\u0131rdan sepet \u015feklinde \u00f6r\u00fclerek \u00e7amur ve hayvan d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131vananlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Geleneksel sistemde her\u015fey do\u011fal olarak seyreder. Ar\u0131 kolonileri ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n denetimi alt\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yapabilece\u011fi tek \u015fey kovanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f etkenlerden korumakt\u0131r. Petekleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131 alarak kontrol etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bu sistemde hastal\u0131klar\u0131 te\u015fhis edip ila\u00e7lama yapmak, kovan i\u00e7i problemlere m\u00fcdahale etmek, ana ar\u0131y\u0131 daha verimli bir ana ar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, o\u011ful engelleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmak gibi uygulamalar \u00e7ok zordur. Bal verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve ayr\u0131ca balhasad\u0131 da olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Avrupa ve Amerika’da bu t\u00fcr kovanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck ar\u0131l\u0131klara yak\u0131n yerlerde bulundurulmalar\u0131, hastal\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Geleneksel sistemin tek avantaj\u0131 \u00fcretimde yapay hi\u00e7bir\u015fey olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, petek ve bal\u0131n tamamen do\u011fal \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fcretilen ballar pazarda, modern y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fcretilen ballara nazaran daha \u00e7ok tercih edilir.
\nModern Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n
Modern ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k 1850’li y\u0131llarda oynar \u00e7er\u00e7eveli kovanlar\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesiyle ba\u015flayan ve bilimsel geli\u015fmelere g\u00f6re teknik bilginin s\u00fcrekli yenilendi\u011fi ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u015feklidir. Modern sistemi uygulama olarak geleneksel sistemden ay\u0131ran 3 tane temel \u00f6zellik vard\u0131r. \u00c7er\u00e7eve, haz\u0131r petek ve bal\u0131 bu peteklerden s\u0131zd\u0131rmaya yarayan bal s\u00fczme makinesi.<\/p>\n
Modern ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k sisteminde, ar\u0131l\u0131ktaki b\u00fct\u00fcn kovanlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte olmas\u0131 ve \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin rahatl\u0131kla \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131labilmesi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kovanlardan zay\u0131f kovanlara g\u00fc\u00e7 takviyesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Balar\u0131s\u0131 1 kilo balmumu yapabilmek i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 kilo bal ve \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir emek harcar. Haz\u0131r petek ar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fini \u00e7ok kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Ar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eveye tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haz\u0131r pete\u011fi k\u0131sa zamanda kabart\u0131r, ve petek g\u00f6zlerine bal depolamaya ba\u015flar. B\u00f6ylece ar\u0131 \u00e7ok zahmetli olan pete\u011fin temelini olu\u015fturma i\u015fleminden kurtulmu\u015f olur ve zaman\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bal depolamaya harcar.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca bal s\u00fczme makinesinde bal\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131lan petekler ar\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan tekrar tekrar kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Modern sistemin geleneksel sistemlere avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n
1) Yapay petek kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ar\u0131 performans\u0131n\u0131 bal depolamaya harcar ve b\u00f6ylece bal \u00fcretimi \u00e7ok daha fazla olur.<\/p>\n
2) Bal hasad\u0131 \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3) Kovanlar rahatl\u0131kla a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p problem ve hastal\u0131klar tesbit edilebilir.<\/p>\n
4) Irk \u0131slah\u0131 i\u00e7in anaar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n
5) Zay\u0131f kovanlar rahatl\u0131kla birle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n
6) O\u011ful verdirmek veya verdirmemek ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n
7) Suni o\u011fullar almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
8) Ar\u0131 kolonisi rahatl\u0131kla ba\u015fka bir kovana al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n
9) Polen, ar\u0131zehiri, ar\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fc gibi di\u011fer ar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri rahatl\u0131kla al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n
10) Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki yeni geli\u015fmeler ve yeni teknikler kolayl\u0131kla uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n
11) Bal\u0131n k\u0131t oldu\u011fu senelerde ar\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131\u015f ve ilkbaharda s\u00f6nmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek modern kovanlarda \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r. Sonbaharda verece\u011fimiz 3-5 kilo \u015feker \u015ferbeti o koloninin k\u0131\u015f\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla ge\u00e7irmesine yeter.<\/p>\n
Modern sistemin tek dezavantaj\u0131, yapay petek imalat\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan maddeler konusunda duyulan ku\u015fkudur. \u00f6zellikle bu konuda standartlar\u0131n konulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kontrollerin zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu \u00fclkemizde bu durum vatanda\u015flar aras\u0131nda bir ku\u015fkuya yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bu ku\u015fkudan kurtulman\u0131n yolu ise sat\u0131nal\u0131nan yapay petekli bal\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki yapay pete\u011fi yememektir.<\/p>\n
Modern ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k sabit ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ya da gezginci ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u015feklinde yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Sabit ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta kovanlar s\u00fcrekli ayn\u0131 yerde durur. \u00fcr\u00fcn verimi \u00e7evrenin floras\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gezginci ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta ise flora takibi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ar\u0131lar nektar ak\u0131m\u0131 olan yerlere ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. D\u00f6rt mevsimin ayn\u0131 anda ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkemiz gezginci ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00e7ok uygun bir co\u011frafya ve iklime sahiptir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u015fekline ve ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bilgisine g\u00f6re 2 k\u0131s\u0131mda incelenebilir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lan klasik bilgi ve geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131lan ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, geleneksel ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 1850’li y\u0131llarda oynar \u00e7er\u00e7eveli kovanlar\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesi ile ba\u015flayan ve bilimsel geli\u015fmelere g\u00f6re uygulama bilgisinin s\u00fcrekli yenilendi\u011fi ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcne ise modern ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k denir. Geleneksel Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-aricilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12044"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12045,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12044\/revisions\/12045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beyazkovan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}